Hematopoiesis is the process of continuous production of blood cells during the inherent life span of an individual; it depends on a emblem of r are pluripotential cell, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), whose abundance is tightly regulated by several processes, including self-renewal, proliferation, lineage specification, differentiation, maturation and apoptosis.
hematologic malignancy arises when the normal regulatory processes of hematopoiesis lose its control, accumulating aberrant blood cells in bone marrow and circulation (Downing and Shannon, 2002). Leukemias are a type of hematological disease characterized by clonal involution of white cells which undergone genetic alterations. The detailed mechanism of leukemogenesis remains for the most part unknown; however it is believed that the malignancy development depends on the conspiracy of genetic background and environmental factors. Leukemia can be classify into four types, acute and chronic leukemias, which are further subdivided into lymphoid or myeloid lineages.
Genetic Mutations in Leukemia Chromosomal Abnormalities, formation of Oncogene and Dysregulation of Tumor Suppressor Gene
As mentioned, malignant faulting occurs as a result of the accumulation of genetic mutations in cellular genes.
These genetic mutations include chromosomal translocation, inversion, deletion, gene involution and point mutations. The genes that are involved in the development of crabmeat can be divided broadly into two groups, transforming gene and tumor-suppressor gene. During normal hematopoiesis, proliferation of blood cells depends on a correspondence among the action of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In malignant cell, this balance is disturbed leading to uncontrolled cell division.
Oncogene is derived from proto-oncogene which undergone gain-of-function mutation. Proto-oncogenes are involved in a variety of important cellular processes, often in the signal transduction pathway for gene activation....
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