Taxonomy

Chapter 4: Characteristics of procaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

staple Cell Types

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Evolution of Endosymbiosis

The Movement by Substances Across Membranes

Basic Cell Types

Prokaryote: wiz-celled organisms, and all are bacteria.

eucaryote: single-celled or multi-cellular organisms

Pro = before

Eu = true

Karyon = nucleus

Similarities: plasma membrane, DNA and cell wall ( correct cells)

Differences:

Eukaryotic DNA is in a nucleus adjoin by a thermonuclear membrane

Prokaryotic DNA is in a nuclear constituent not surrounded by a membrane

Table 4.1:Similarities and Differences amid Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome; Eukaryotic cells have paired chromosomes

Prokaryotic cells overlook histone proteins; Eukaryotic cells have histone proteins

Prokaryotic cell wall has peptidoglycan; plant and fungal cells have both cellulose and chitin

Domains

A relatively overbold concept in biological classification, domain is the highest category

Three domains:

Archaea (ancient)

bacteria (eubacteria)

Eukarya

Size, Shape and Arrangement

Prokaryotes are among the smallest of all organisms

Prokaryotes range from 0.5 2.0 µm in diameter and from 1.



0 60 µm in length

Exception: 1991- Epulopiscium fishelsoni is a bacterial symbiont of sturgeon fish (80 µm in diameter and 600 µm in length

Arrangements of Bacteria

Cocci in pairs (diplococci): Neisseria sp.

Cocci in bonds (streptococci): Streptococcus sp.

Rods in chains: Lactobacillus sp.

Cocci in clusters: staph sp.

An Overview of Structure

Structurally, bacterial cells consist of the following:

Cell membrane, usually surrounded by a cell wall

Internal cytoplasm with ribosomes, nuclear region, and in some cases, granules and/or vesicles

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